US President Donald Trump’s authority to dismiss government officials is facing its first major legal challenge in the Supreme Court.
The Trump administration has petitioned the court to overturn a federal judge’s ruling that reinstated Hampton Dellinger to his position. Dellinger, who heads the Office of Special Counsel, leads an independent agency responsible for overseeing government corruption, ethics violations, and protecting federal employees.
This position is distinct from that of the Justice Department’s special counsel.
The Trump administration abruptly removed Dellinger on February 7 via a brief email, without providing any justification. However, Dellinger contested the decision in court, prompting US District Judge Amy Berman Jackson to issue a temporary reinstatement order.
An appeals court later rejected the Trump administration’s request, escalating the matter to the Supreme Court. The Trump administration argues that the president should have full authority to dismiss government officials and that no federal judge should interfere with executive decisions.
Acting Solicitor General Sarah M. Harris stated in the petition:
“This court cannot allow lower courts to strip the president of his executive powers through temporary orders, forcing him to retain an official against his will.”
Dellinger and his lawyers argue that his dismissal violated legal principles, as he was appointed with Senate approval in 2024 for a fixed five-year term. Under US law, a president can only remove the head of an independent agency on grounds of negligence, incompetence, or severe misconduct. However, the Trump administration provided no legal justification for his removal.
The Supreme Court, with its conservative majority, has previously ruled in favor of expanding presidential executive powers. In this case, there is a strong possibility that the court may grant the president full authority to dismiss federal officials, significantly altering the US administrative structure.
Some legal experts warn that if the Supreme Court overturns the landmark 1935 ruling in Humphrey’s Executor v. United States, it could weaken the federal government’s structure and grant the president unprecedented executive control.
This case could be a major test of Trump’s authority. If the court rules in his favor, he may find it easier to dismiss other independent agency leaders in the future. However, a ruling against him could impose significant limitations on presidential power.
The Supreme Court is expected to announce its decision in the coming days.
