World Wetlands Day is observed annually on February 2 to raise awareness about the role of wetlands in preserving biodiversity, mitigating climate change, and supporting human livelihoods.
The day commemorates the signing of the Ramsar Convention in 1971 in Ramsar, Iran—an international treaty dedicated to the conservation and sustainable use of wetlands worldwide.
The Significance of Wetlands
Wetlands cover about 6% of the Earth’s surface, forming ecosystems such as lakes, marshes, and mangroves. They serve as natural water filters, carbon sinks, and habitats for wildlife.
However, due to human activities, pollution, and climate change, 35% of the world’s wetlands have been lost since 1970.
Wetlands in Pakistan
Pakistan is home to over 225 wetlands, covering nearly 10% of the country’s total land area. Among them, 19 wetlands are designated under the Ramsar Convention.
Some of the major wetland sites in Pakistan include:
- Keenjhar Lake
- Haleji Lake
- Indus Delta
- Jiwani Coastal Wetland
- Uchhali Complex
These wetlands provide habitats for migratory birds, marine life, and local communities engaged in fishing and agriculture. However, rapid urbanization, water pollution, and deforestation pose serious threats to these ecosystems.
Why Are Wetlands Crucial for the Environment?
- Natural Filters: Wetlands remove toxins and pollutants from water.
- Flood Protection: They absorb excess rainwater, reducing flood risks.
- Climate Change Mitigation: Peatlands and mangroves store carbon, lowering greenhouse gas emissions.
- Biodiversity: They provide habitats for birds, fish, and endangered species.
- Economic Benefits: Many communities rely on wetlands for fishing, tourism, and agriculture.
How Can Pakistani Youth Help Protect Wetlands?
- Raise awareness through social media and school programs.
- Avoid dumping plastic and chemicals into rivers and lakes.
- Participate in local wetland conservation projects.
- Plant mangroves and wetland-friendly vegetation.
- Use water efficiently in daily life to reduce wastage.
Wetlands Are Nature’s First Line of Defense Against Climate Change: Punjab CM
Punjab Chief Minister Maryam Nawaz emphasized the crucial role of wetlands in fighting climate change, calling them the “lungs of the Earth” for sustaining wildlife, groundwater levels, and carbon absorption.
In her World Wetlands Day message, she highlighted that wetlands also help control floods. She announced that, for the first time in Pakistan’s history, the Punjab government has introduced a comprehensive climate policy, prioritizing wetland conservation and enforcing stricter fishing regulations.
She further stated that the Punjab government is working in collaboration with environmental experts and global organizations to protect these vital ecosystems and ensure sustainable development.
